Symptoms And Treatments Of Chagas Disease - 1093 Words

Chagas disease occurs in two stages. The severity and course of infection might be different in people infected at different times in life and in different ways. The first stage is the acute stage, which is characterized by the presence of chagomas. This stage lasts for the first few weeks or months of infection. It usually goes unnoticed because it is either asymptomatic, or the infected only exhibit signs/symptoms that are not entirely unique to the disease. This includes headaches, rash (chagomas), loss of appetite, fever, fatigue, body aches. The signs on physical examination may include mild hepatomegaly or splenomegaly and swollen glands. The most recognized marker of acute Chagas disease is called Romana’s sign, which refers to the swelling of the eyelids on the side of the face nearest the initial infection area (CDC, 2013). Even if these symptoms do occur, they usually fade away on their own, which is why the infection usually persists. If left untreated and/or unnot iced, the infected will end up in the chronic stage of the disease. In this stage, the infection may continue to remain silent for decades, or even throughout the entire life. 30% of infected in this stage will develop cardiac complications (cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiac arrest) or intestinal complications (megaesophagus, megacolon) (CDC, 2013). For most patients who develop a cardiac complication, it is too late and there is no treatment besides symptomatic. Chagas disease can be diagnosed byShow MoreRelatedDr. Alvarez, A Banana Plantation Worker s Mysterious Ailment1638 Words   |  7 PagesAdrian through his journey of the mysterious disease, diagnosis, and alternative treatment. The doctor diagnosis Adrian with the Chagas disease, which is endemic to Costa Rica and Central South America. The doctor suggests that Adrian should get admitted to a hospital for treatment however; Adrian refuses because he is an illegal immigrant in Costa Rica. Adrian hesitantly takes the prescription from the doctor but wants alternative way to treat his disease so he would not have to see the doctor againRead MoreTypes Of Pathogens That Cause Diseases And Illnesses1313 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are many types of pathogens that cause diseases and illnesses. Parasites are one of these pathogens. A parasite is an organism that needs a living host to survive. There are multiple species of parasites that are known today and each one is unique. Medicine has advanced throughout the years, but not all illnesses and diseases can be cured. Parasites can typically be treated with antiparasitic and other types of treatments. Parasites can infect multiple organ systems such as theRead MoreHeart Failure, Cardiac Arrhythmia And Thromboembolism1643 Words   |  7 Pages Cardiac manifestation is in two stages; acute phase characterized by high grade parasitemia with flu-like symptoms: fever, malaise, myalgias, sweating. Cardiac involvement occurs in 90% of cases with conduction abnormalities that last 6-8 weeks. Spontaneous recovery in 95% of the affected patients is expected. Chronic phase indeterminate form in which there is no physical signs or clinical evidence of organ damage with subclinical degree of cardiac involvement after Echo/Holter studyRead MoreDisease Report : Chagas Disease1261 Words   |  6 Pages CHLP 4623 Disease Report: Chagas Disease Hannah M. Lahodny || Dr. Jones || December 16th 2014 Introduction Discovered in 1909 by Carlos Chagas, Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, affects an estimated 8 million individuals annually according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The number of individuals affected by this disease annually makes it a significant, yet preventable, problem. As a chronic parasitic infection, the disease is transmitted by insectsRead MoreMedical Case Study1057 Words   |  5 PagesWhen a disease that has a regular prevalence in a geographic region begins to present a higher incidence rate than the standard, an investigation is can be necessary to verify a possibility of an outbreak (WHO, 2017). When an epidemic occurs in a community or region several people are infected by the same disease that originates from the same source of spread (Gordis, 2014). An outbreak can also be identified when a disease that has already been eradicated or has never been detected in a region infectsRead MorePopulation Of Brazil Has Experienced An Epidemic Pro blem Known As Chagas Disease888 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as Chagas disease, where outbreaks are most common in underdeveloped countries. Shikanai-Yasuda and Carvalho (2012) concluded the etiologic agent of the disease forms in the blood and fluid of infected animals and humans and is transmitted at the bite sites of the triatomine bugs feces. The Amazon Basin in Brazil has experienced another form of transmission, orally, which is now considered the principal form of Chagas disease in the country. The outbreaks of orally transmitted Chagas in BrazilRead MoreLaboratory Techniques Employed in Blood Analysis3315 Words   |  14 Pagesand after a surgery to examine the general health of a patient and measures important chemicals produced and needed in the body. Different abnormalities it could identify such as liver diseases which is caused by excessive alcohol consumption that causes enzymes levels to increase; kidney diseases; pancreatic diseases, etc. M3 Several components of the blood can be separated and used in emergency as blood products for transfusion. These separated blood components are called blood products. A. NameRead MoreA Man Named Carlos Chagas1979 Words   |  8 Pages    A man named Carlos Chagas found the Chagas Disease. He was born in Oliveria, Brazil on 1879. Their family owned a coffee plantation. Carlos’s father passed away when he was around 4 years old. His mother wanted him to study engineering, however, his uncle, who was a physician, sparked his interest in medicine. He told Carlos that Brazil was not industrializing due to endemic disease that was in the country. In 1896, Carlos Chagas studied at Rio de Janeiro. He chose â€Å"Hematological Aspects ofRead MoreHow Does Glycolysis Is Essential For Trypanosoma Brucei ( Tb )1834 Words   |  8 Pagescauses African sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock, and to Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), that causes Chagas Disease. Hexokinase (HK), the first enzyme in the glycolytic cycle, is a potential and valid target for antitrypanosomal chemotherapy. The three dimensional (3D) structure of a drug target is vital to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of a disease , to gain insights on the impact of genetic variations on the protein structure and function, and to investigateRead MoreNicaragua And Its Effects On The United States1443 Words   |  6 Pagessystem in particular. Families did not have access to any type of medicine, unless they lived in the village and had money to spend. However, this was not the case for many of the families in the village so several of them suffered and fell ill to diseases and infections. Also, the water was not very clean and access to clean water, once again, could only be found in cities. About 50% of the population lives in poverty in which 85% of this population struggle to live on more than one-dollar daily (Balint

Analyzing Theories Of Adult Development - 1965 Words

Analyze Theories of Adult Development Lieu Crews Lifespan Development Thomas Purnell 10/4/2014 Analyze Theories of Adult Development Every adult are goes through a lot of events in life that shape and model their lives, and some are good and some are bad. It is important to know these events, the important life lessons that gain better understanding to life’s mysteries and typically develop the minds of people. All human beings that live through the various phases of life will experience the phases of development regardless of how many people try and avoid them. The physical and psychological realities have been studied by scientist, researches and psychologist throughout time and the goal of this essay, is to†¦show more content†¦The stage theories often concentrates on the age appropriate development tasks to be attained at each stage, the stage theories of human development involve the entire life span, and highlighted the potential of positive changes during very later years of life (Erikson, 1980). The idea of adulthood possesses legal and socio-cultural meaning, the legal concept of an adult is the individual who has gotten to the age at which they are viewed as responsible for their own actions, and for that reason; legally responsible for them (Santrock, 2012). This is known as the age of majority which is the age of eighteen in many cultures, while there is difference from sixteen to twenty one years old of age (Erikson, 1980). The socio-cultural concepts of being an adult is based on what the culture normatively sights as being the required standards for the adulthood which often influence the definitions of the adulthood of people within that certain culture (Erikson, 1980). This may or may not correspond with a legal definition. The views on adult development in the late concentrate on the idea of effective aging, and is described as a low probability of disease and disease related disability, high cognitive, physical function ability, and active proposal with life (Erikson, 1980). The biomedical theories that hold one age effectively by taking care of

The Theories that Withhold Normative Ethics Free Essays

Normative Ethics is a theory of ethics that is based on what ought to be morally right. Most ethical theories are based from a normative base. Normative ethics are based on what ought to be good or bad, right or wrong, and just or unjust. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theories that Withhold Normative Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ethical principles are ways to describe the actions and behaviors that we perform. There are several theories that apply to normative ethics like utilitarianism, pluralism, and rights based ethics. Utilitarianism is a principle, which approves or disapproves of every action according to whether it increases or diminishes the amount of happiness or good of the interested party. This issue is deeply imbedded in the ever-expanding world of information technology. New technologies like personnel monitoring hit this issue directly. Employers may see short-term benefits of monitoring employees, such as insider trading, efficiency, or performance. But, employers must consider what effect that the monitoring will have on the employees. The overall happiness or good for all the parties involved are not always addressed. The company may see results from their end but the employees may receive an adverse effect. To successfully make a utility-based decision managers must take in to consideration who is going to be influenced by the decision to be made. Pluralism or duty based ethical principles outline some different ideas. Immanuael Kant say the worth of an action is not found in what the person is trying to accomplish but rather the intention that they had. People must perform actions as a function of duty regardless of the consequences. Duty is an obligation to follow universal moral laws. These moral laws are outlined to make sure that projects or objectives do not superceded the worth of human beings. An important IT example would be the use of private customer information in a negative manner. Managers have a right to ensure that customer information especially financial information like credit cards or asset holdings. The managers have a duty to the customers to respect their privacy of information. Companies that provide hardware and software solutions to companies have a duty to provide a quality product. Reliant companies need those systems to run the companies. Manufacturers have a duty to balance profit maximization and quality to ensure that the product is functional for everyone. Rights based ethics focuses on the rights of individuals and respect of people†s rights. There are two different types of rights in this theory. Negative rights are rights that are free from outside interference. Therefore these rights allow people to have certain rights without someone interfering. Positive rights on the other hand are rights that people are entitled to. Examining ethical aspects using this theory people consider whether the action will impede on human or legal rights. Information management has great rights implications. Consumer†s information is located on many databases throughout the nation. Companies have to ensure that consumer†s rights to privacy maintained. Companies often sell information to marketing organizations who put you on other lists that they may sell. Many organizations make a point of telling consumers that their information will remain private. Consumers also want their information to be current and accurate. Information about peoples credit histories and financial information need to be accurate otherwise the customer may be negatively impacted. People make ethical and moral decisions every day. But, what really influences people when they are making decisions. Family has a large part to play in the way that a person views the world. Values and moral are instituted in children by their parents as they grow. The structure of the family may influence the way that children view the actions of their parents and others. Also integrated with the aspect of family are the areas of religion and culture. There are certain practices in different religions that may shape the way an individual view a decision as either moral or ethical. Subjects like sex or drugs may be accepted in various forms from one religion or culture but not another. This may determine how a person may view a decision in the future. Practices vary from country to country. Therefore, a practice like corporate spying my be acceptable in one culture but is frowned upon in ours. Companies may endorse sweatshops in other countries but it is not ethical to do it in the US. Other factors that may influence how someone makes a decision may be based on their socio-economic position in life. A person desperate for money or food my have a different outlook on some moral or ethical decisions. Personal crises alter a persons view on the world and what should be done. Age also plays an important part of how situations are solved. Younger people may view moral and ethical issues lightly because they don†t understand the consequences of the actions. As people grow older their outlook on life becomes altered. Experience makes a person view the whole picture when a decision needs to be made. People†s values change making their moral and ethical instincts stronger. While people age education level varies. Educated people have a different outlook on life than an uneducated person. Having more tools to access allow people to make a more informed decision. All of these different ideas shape the outlook that people have on the world. Individual views of society shape the moral and ethical decision-making process. The factors outlined above and some of the ethical theories we can speculate how ethical dilemmas might be resolved. Ethical dilemmas need to be examined in various steps. First of all you need to assess the ethical issues in the problem. Determine what issues will become a factor in your decision making process. Decide what your moral intuition says on the issue. How do your own personal views shape the issue? Once you have determined your personal stance on the issue, you must examine the ethical frameworks to decide how the issue can be applied. What course of action do the theories point you to? You must decide what conclusions should you follow as well as considering public policy implications. The actual decision needs to be a very informed one. Every side of the issue needs to be addressed from the different ethical theories. The informed decision will create a better outcome because the pros and cons have been addressed before a solution is designed. How to cite The Theories that Withhold Normative Ethics, Essay examples

 Lang Coursework Essay Example

  Lang Coursework Essay How is Juliet portrayed in the play Romeo and Juliet? Explain how you would want a modern audience to understand about the character. Juliets character is an assortment of innocence, youth and inner strength. Her portrayal, however, did not fit well with the stereotypical view of Elizabethan women who had to conform to societal rules by obeying their fathers and husbands. They were not granted free will or free speech, and so Juliets initial portrayal depicts her as a dutiful daughter, who goes on to shock by deceiving her name to break the barriers of true love. Act 1 scene 3 is Juliets first scene, where her Nurse and mother, Lady Capulet, accompany her. In this scene, Juliet is portrayed as youthful, innocent and obedient. The Nurses constant references to her babyhood portray the childlike perception people hold of Juliet. The fact that she is not married It is an honour that I dream not of. We will write a custom essay sample on   Lang Coursework specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on   Lang Coursework specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on   Lang Coursework specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer is evident of her preservation as a child, which is so because she was the only child of Lord and Lady Capulet to survive. She proves innocent and obedient Ill look to like, if looking liking moveThan your consent gives strength to make it fly. when she states that she has given no thought to the idea of marriage, yet however she will love Paris if asked to. Elizabethan audiences would have observed Juliets indisputable loyalty for her parents as typical behaviour for a girl. Shakespeare uses this predictable behaviour as a lull in action, in order to foundation the impact Juliet evokes upon the Elizabethan audience when she betrays her family name for her only enemy. Romeo and Juliets first encounter occurs in Act 1 scene 5, during the Capulets feast. Here, Juliet is completely infatuated with Romeo, as he is with her, and this causes a change in her portrayal since she acts coquettishly Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much. She teases Romeo, only enough to keep him interested in her. This proves her character to be changing, since she contradicts her youth in Act 1 scene 3, where she had not considered love. She also challenges her innocence, by unexpectedly kissing Romeo You kiss by th book. Juliets abrupt change in character would have surprised Elizabethans, since she had altered herself from being the dutiful daughter that was expected of her, to an ill behaved child that would have been frowned upon. Above that, Juliets reference to religion would have appalled, since it was being used in conjunction with her intolerable deeds, such as betraying her family name to woo her only enemy. It is in Act 2 scene 2 where Romeo and Juliet truly declare their love for one another, and this happens by Juliets balcony at the Capulet household. In this scene, Juliet abandons her youth when she portrays herself persistent and assertive in order to keep her love. She discontinues her courtship with Romeo in order to bring in the prospect of love, Or if thou thinkest I am too quickly won, Ill frown a be perverse and say thee nay, So thou wilt woo-. as opposed to her initial depiction, where she had not given it a single thought. She dominates the topic of conversation Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet. as she requests that they resolve their current situation. Juliets dominance over Romeo, through her perseverance for resolving their affair, would not have been the norm for Elizabethan women. For Juliet to have acted in that manner would have shocked Elizabethans, since it was not traditional for a woman of that era to approach a man. Having done so, Juliets character would have been detested in Elizabethan society. During Act 3 scene 2, the Elizabethan audience lose sight of Juliets preliminary portrayal. She becomes sharp tempered and passionate, as opposed to her initial youth and innocence, during her wait for her Nurses return from her meet with Romeo about the prospect of marriage. Juliet curses her Nurse for her delay, What devil art thou that dost torment me thus? since she is made to wait for Romeos reply in agony and anxiety, and therefore the audience cannot depict Juliet as innocent as she used to be. The contrast to her former portrayal continues, as Juliet speaks passionately of Romeo, despite his slaying of her cousin Tybalt O serpent heart, hid with a flowring face! Did ever a dragon keep so fair a cave? Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelical- She wishes to curse Romeo for his part in Tybalts death, but cannot bring herself to do so. Instead, Juliet ends up using a vast variety of oxymorons to depict her undisputable love for Romeo, contradicting all the while with her initial youth that was her insignificance with love. Juliets arrogant and impatient depiction in this scene was not the stereotypical nature of Elizabethan women. It would have appalled, since rather than waiting for Romeo to approach her-without free speech, she questioned Elizabethan womans rights by taking it upon herself to resolve her state of affairs with him. In Act 3 scene 5, Juliet conveys a bleak contrast in behaviour to that of her initial portrayal. She display wilfulness, as opposed to her preliminary innocence, during her combat with her father over the prospect of her marriage with Paris Now by Saint Peters Church, and Peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride! Much to the discontent of her father, Juliet refuses to marry Paris. Her unruly behaviour continues through means of oppressive shouting, causing Lord Capulet to resort to verbal threats I tell thee what: get thee to Church a Thursday, Or never after look me in the face! However, Juliets incontestable love for Romeo defies her fathers intimidation, and she continues to disobey and quarrel. Eventually, Juliets radical behaviour causes Lord and Lady Capulet to depart, leaving the Nurse to persuade the child. Nevertheless, Juliets love is unquestionable, and a difference in opinion between the two results in an angry young Capulet Ancient damnation! O most wicked fiend! Is it more sin to wish me thus foresworn- She has been let down by her Nurse, the only person whom she could really rely upon. Without any reassurance or support, Juliet is left to curse her only aid in her love bound situation. She takes an abrupt mood swing, and is anxious to know how she will resolve her problem. In total desperation and anxiety, Juliet seeks the Friar for advice. Juliets wilfulness during her quarrel with her father would not have been an Elizabethan childs custom. For Juliet to act in that way would have had Elizabethan audiences taken aback, since she neglected what was expected of her, and that was for her to obey her father, rather than question him. Throughout Act 4 scene 3, Juliet conveys tremendous courage by acting through love, regardless of the severe repercussions her actions may bring. She expresses emotions of apprehension and fear, however surpasses them due to her desire to be with Romeo. She begins the scene apprehensive, as she considers whether the Friars role in supplying her with poison was a supportive deed, or an ominous one What if it be a poison which the Friar Subtly hath ministered to have me dead- Owing to her contemplations, Juliet develops a fear for the treacherous consequences her actions could bring. She becomes reluctant towards drinking the poison, and portrays timidity, -a fearful point. Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, To whose foul mouth no helthsome air breathes in- as opposed to her boldly spoken character at the expense of Paris, when she debated her validity in his life in previous scenes It may be so, for it is not mine own- Despite all her fears, Juliets love for Romeo guides her to courageously drink the poison, in hope that she will be reunited with her one true love Romeo, Romeo, Romeo! Heres drink-I drink to thee. Juliets display of courage during her decision to drink the poison was not a custom held by Elizabethan women. Having drunk the poison, Juliet would have shocked the Elizabethan audience because it was not common for a woman of that era to have boldly taken her own life, not to mention decide how her own life would have been run. Act 5 scene 3 is Juliets final scene, in which she concludes her atypical behaviour, as well as her life. However, doing so, she displays courage and strength, unusual traits for an Elizabethan daughter. As Juliet wakes, Romeo lies dead beside her, having taken poison. She mourns his death, all the while showing immense strength -the watch is coming. Come, go, good Juliet. I dare no longer stay! as she stands firm in the presence of the tomb watchmen. Her uncanny behaviour continues, as her infatuation with Romeo empowers her to kiss his lips for poison I will kiss thy lips. Haply some poison yet doth hang on them. To no avail, Romeo has drunk the last drop of poison, leaving none for Juliet to accompany him after death. Due to emotions of apprehension and passion, Juliet defies all barriers of love by boldly stabbing herself, furthermore sacrificing her life to be with Romeo; her one true love O happy dagger, This is thy sheath. There rust, and let me die. Juliets disregard for her fathers will of her marriage with Paris was not at all pleasing to the Elizabethans. For her to cunningly defy his power as a father in order to be with whom she loved was intolerable. She had not behaved as expected, and for that she would not have been accepted in Elizabethan society. As well as that, her act of suicide displeased God, therefore displeased the greatly religious Elizabethans. Back then; Juliets suicide would have caused uproar. To conclude, I think Juliet was initially portrayed as a youthful, innocent child, and as her intolerable love for Romeo progressed, her inner strength and belief in what was right developed her into the mature, wilful young woman who died for her true feelings.

Jacksonian Democrat DBQ essays

Jacksonian Democrat DBQ essays During the early period of independent America, many of the founding fathers and early leaders tended to be elite, aristocratic and well educated, a curse that the common man had fought hard to get away from in their revolution from Great Britain. The common man wanted to have a voice and be heard. The presidential election of 1824 had angered the people of America as the general consensus was ignored and the aristocratic House of Representatives decided the election. The peoples nominee, Andrew Jackson, had been a great general in the War of 1812; he was intelligent even without a college degree and was born in the heart of America off of the eastern seaboard. Andrew Jackson was the image of the common man. Jackson and his followers, the Jacksonian-Democrats, looked on themselves as the protectors of the constitution and strived to protect the nation as a whole. Jacksonian-Democrats defended political democracy, which brought forth individual freedoms and assisted economic opportuni ty, but their claims as the guardians of the constitution were false, as they were rather protectors of the common man. Jacksonian-Democrats didnt let the constitution get in the way of their goals, especially pertaining to economic equality. When President Jackson vetoed the Bank of the United States recharter, many spoke out against his decision, including political opponent Daniel Webster (Document C). [This message] extends the grasp of executive Heringer 2 pretension over every power of the government.... Webster believed that Jacksons veto over stepped the boundaries of the executive office, abused the constitution, and it was a scam,...to inflame the poor against the rich.... Webster was partially right. The Bank of the United States was a safe place for the government to store mon ...

The 1980s American Economy

The 1980s American Economy In the early 1980s, the American economy was suffering through a deep recession. Business bankruptcies rose sharply compared to previous years. Farmers also suffered due to a decline in agricultural exports, falling crop prices, and rising interest rates. But by 1983, the economy  had rebounded and enjoyed a sustained period of growth as the annual inflation rate stayed below 5 percent for the remainder of the 1980s and part of the 1990s. Why did the American economy experience such a turnaround in the 1980s? In â€Å"Outline of the U.S. Economy,† Christopher Conte and Albert R. Karr point to the lasting impacts of the 1970s, Reaganism, and the Federal Reserve. Impact of  the 1970s The 1970s was a disaster on American economics. The recession marked the end of the post-World War II economic boom, and the United States experienced a lasting period of stagflation- a combination of high unemployment and inflation. Voters held Washington politicians responsible for the economic state of the country. Upset with federal policies, they ousted President  Jimmy Carter in 1980 and voted in former Hollywood actor and California Gov.  Ronald Reagan  as president, a position he held from 1981 to 1989. Reagans Economic Policy The economic disorder of the 1970s lingered into the beginning of the 1980s. But Reagan’s economic program soon had an effect. Reagan operated on the basis of supply-side economics- the theory that advocates lower tax rates so people can keep more of their income. Proponents argue that supply-side economics results in more savings, investment, production, and, ultimately, greater economic growth. Reagan’s tax cuts mainly benefited the wealthy, but through a chain-reaction, they also helped lower-income earners as higher levels of investment eventually led to new job openings and higher wages. The Size of the Government Cutting taxes was only one part of Reagan’s national agenda of slashing government spending. Reagan believed the federal government had become too large and interfering. During his presidency, he cut social programs and worked to reduce or eliminate government regulations that  affected the consumer, workplace, and environment. But he did spend on the military. In the wake of the disastrous Vietnam War, Reagan successfully pushed for big budget increases for defense spending by arguing that the U.S. had neglected its military.   Growing Federal Deficit In the end, the reduction in taxes combined with increased military spending outweighed the spending reductions on domestic social programs. This resulted in a federal budget deficit that went well beyond the deficit levels of the early 1980s. From $74 billion in 1980, the federal budget deficit ballooned to $221 billion in 1986. It fell back to $150 billion in 1987, but then started growing again. Federal Reserve With such levels of deficit spending, the Federal Reserve remained vigilant about controlling price increases and raising interest rates any time they seemed a threat. Under the leadership of Paul Volcker and his successor Alan Greenspan, the Federal Reserve effectively guided America’s economy and eclipsed Congress and the president. Although some economists were nervous that heavy government spending and borrowing would lead to steep inflation, the Federal Reserve succeeded in its role as an economic traffic cop during the 1980s.   Source Conte, Christopher and Karr, Albert R. â€Å"Outline of the U.S. Economy.† U.S. Department of State, 2001, Washington, D.C.

Theory of knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Theory of knowledge - Essay Example The sole purpose of philosophical idealisms also poses a major influence in dignifying its worthiness in the human society, which clearly avows that educating is not the purpose of philosophy, but the purpose is to develop understanding (Hacker 2005, 7-12). Yet, this principle notion of philosophy does not advocate it’s obsolescing from the reality or reasonability. With reference to Socrates’ method to verify the reasonability of a philosophical idealism, one should emphasize the underlying meaning of the words and the association of truth with the idealized thought (Davis 2011, 19-20). Plato also argued that the real worthiness of philosophical idealism lies in delivering a true meaning of the opinions formed and the knowledge gained from reality (Howe 2006, 1). Astonishingly, assertions made by Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his most debated work, â€Å"On Certainty†, lacks in terms of adjusting with the praxis of reasonability, as described in the Socratic method an d even befitting with the essence of ‘true knowledge’ avowed by Plato. In Wittgenstein’s notes, which was later published as a book by G. E. M. Anscombe, following his death, claims have been made to counter the significance of habitual as well as perpetual doubts practiced in contrast to every aspect of philosophic idealisms. One of his notes thus proclaimed, â€Å"From its seeming to me - or to everyone - to be so, it doesn't follow that it is so. What we can ask is whether it can make sense to doubt it† (Wittgenstein 1969, 140). In his notes, Wittgenstein also argued that such practices must be rejected in most cases, if not in all; because doubts, as a form of philosophical skepticism, entrench into the beliefs in a radical form, contradicting the same ideology that articulated the grounds of those doubts. In his another note, Wittgenstein postulates, The statement â€Å"I know that here is a hand† may then be continued: â€Å"for it's my hand that I'm looking at.† Then a reasonable man will not doubt that I know. - Nor will the idealist; rather he will say that he was not dealing with the practical doubt which is being dismissed, but there is a further doubt behind that one. - That this is an illusion has to be shown in a different way (Wittgenstein 1969, 141). Many critics have thus far argued in contradiction as well as in agreement to these connotations. What remains common in most of these theses is the lack of understanding of Wittgenstein’s idealism, which is apparent in the way it is portrayed with some shallow illustrations. Perhaps, it is this gap that gave rise to the limitations of Wittgenstein’s arguments in contrast to the significance of philosophical skepticism. THESIS STATEMENT The lacuna of Wittgenstein’s arguments contrary to the practice of making doubts in philosophical ideologies becomes apparent when it is measured on the basis of Plato’s as well as Socrates’ methods of deriving a worthy result within the realm of philosophy. Based on this understanding, the thesis will argue that Wittgenstein’s idealism, as translated by G. E. Moore, lacks owing to its nature of fallacy being idealized on the basis of illustrations that either represent a universal truth or exemplify incontrovertible aspects to which, no contradictions apply as those are already proven, justified and accepted. In other